{"id":990,"date":"2021-12-11T18:47:04","date_gmt":"2021-12-11T17:47:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/?p=990"},"modified":"2022-09-16T17:04:31","modified_gmt":"2022-09-16T15:04:31","slug":"odpornosc-tym-razem-na-manipulacje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/2021\/12\/11\/odpornosc-tym-razem-na-manipulacje\/","title":{"rendered":"Immunity - this time - to manipulation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Although I wrote my last scientific article a long time ago, I still practice the perspective of a scientist psychologist in looking at the world. Recently, I felt the urge to share strictly psychological knowledge. I returned to Tomasz Witkowski's book Psychomanipulations. This is a book for anyone who wants to learn to recognize and resist pressure techniques. So it will be about manipulation and how to protect yourself from it. It is a current and useful topic in everyday life, and the manipulation techniques we are subjected to are as old as the world.<\/span><\/p>\n

Influencing people is an important topic in social psychology. Social manipulation is a deliberate and planned action that aims to exert influence in such a way that the person is not aware that he is being affected and that he is unaware of their consequences. Thus, knowledge of the essence and forms of manipulation is the basis of our resistance to it. Lack of such knowledge makes us less vigilant and unable to recognize what influences we are subjected to. As a consequence, we are more prone to succumb to them.<\/span><\/p>\n

The goals of psychomanipulation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

?The basic motive of a person resorting to social manipulation is to maximize their own interest or the interest of a group of people or an institution with which they identify? (Witkowski, 2000, p. 25). It is not pleasant to wake up knowing that today someone will try to achieve their goals at your expense. However, denying it does not help us protect ourselves from the effects of such actions. The essence of manipulation is limiting the freedom of decision-making by the recipient of the message. The depth of interference in the psyche of the recipient of the message is either inducing a one-time submission or manipulative procedures in the form of persuasive techniques. The latter are aimed at changing or educating the recipients of specific attitudes and inducing them to take specific actions. Changing your identity or controlling your mindset are the deepest manipulative interventions. Remember that \"brainwashing\" has nothing to do with purity of intention.<\/span><\/p>\n

The effectiveness of manipulation is favored by the fact that we mostly push aside thinking in the long-term perspective, preferring the immediate state over the distant future. As humans, we also tend to assume that nothing bad will happen to anyone, but us. Thus, we underestimate the risk, especially from those factors that seem trivial to us and are not burdened with a large \"entry\" cost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Psychomanipulation strategies<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Jedna ze strategii manipulacyjnych to deprecjacja<\/strong><\/span> – umniejszanie warto\u015bci np. przeciwnika w sporze, kt\u00f3re ma wzbudzi\u0107 silne emocje i doprowadzi\u0107 do wyeliminowania go z grupy. Stosuje si\u0119 tu epitety, o\u015bmiesza si\u0119 adwersarza, aby sk\u0142oni\u0107 odbiorc\u0119 komunikatu do dezaprobaty i odrzucenia deprecjonowanej osoby. Silniejsza posta\u0107 deprecjacji to demonizowanie<\/span><\/strong>. Stosowanie tych zabieg\u00f3w to forma agresji wa\u017cniejsza w historii ludzko\u015bci ni\u017c wynalezienie broni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Emotional blackmail<\/strong><\/span> is a way to achieve goals by evoking emotions in the recipient that have force him to submit. Manipulation is presenting the situation as if the manipulating party had no control over the situation and it was up to us to take action on which the further course of events would depend. In fact, by taking the suggested actions, we are implementing the plan of the perpetrator of psychomanipulation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reorientation<\/span><\/strong> is an indication of a fictitious or alleged entity responsible for a given state of affairs, i.e. scapegoat<\/strong><\/span> to divert attention from the actual causes of this condition.<\/span><\/p>\n

Metoda dost\u0119pno\u015bci poznawczej<\/span><\/strong> – nag\u0142a\u015bnianie, du\u017ca cz\u0119stotliwo\u015b\u0107 przekazu informacji, wzmaga subiektywnie postrzegane prawdopodobie\u0144stwo wyst\u0105pienia niebezpiecze\u0144stwa.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brainwash<\/strong><\/span> is outright indoctrination, while mind control<\/strong> <\/span>is indirect.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Love bombing<\/strong><\/span>\" is showering with compliments or references to other types of favors more or less more directly. It is aimed at creating a positive attitude towards the sender of the message or his positive assessment and gaining trust in him, of course in order to strengthen the persuasiveness of the message he sends.<\/span><\/p>\n

How not to get manipulated<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

We are being manipulated without even knowing it. Or just when we have no idea that someone is fooling us. Admitting that we have been manipulated is like admitting our failure, inattention or some deficit. As humans, we are reluctant to admit that we have been manipulated. That's why once you've given in, it's harder to get out of this manipulation. So it requires courage and openness to reflect and set boundaries when we have a feeling that someone is screwing us. I guess we've all experienced it at some point.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sober judgment and not succumbing to persuasive messages is a challenge that requires negotiation with our human nature. Unfortunately, ?people always get a thrill and a lot of fear when it comes to things they can't see that can have a profound effect on them. (Witkowski, 2000, p. 229).? And then?<\/span><\/p>\n

We are extremely vulnerable to manipulation when:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– mamy bezkrytyczny stosunek do autorytet\u00f3w (np. skoro to profesor, na pewno m\u00f3wi tak, jak jest)<\/span>
\n– mamy du\u017cy szacunek dla zewn\u0119trznej kontroli (np. pa\u0144stwo powinno si\u0119 tym zaj\u0105\u0107)<\/span>
\n– idealizujemy w\u0142asn\u0105 grup\u0119 i przeciwstawiamy j\u0105 innym grupom (my vs. oni, bez \u015bwiadomo\u015bci i uwzgl\u0119dniania niuans\u00f3w)<\/span>
\n– postrzegamy stereotypowo osoby o innych pogl\u0105dach<\/span>
\n– dogmatycznie postrzegamy temat przekazu<\/span>
\n– mamy l\u0119k przed odrzuceniem przez grup\u0119, idealizujemy j\u0105, a przynale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 do niej jest wa\u017cnym elementem naszej to\u017csamo\u015bci<\/span>
\n– mamy osobowo\u015b\u0107 zale\u017cn\u0105, trudno nam podejmowa\u0107 decyzje i potrzebujemy, by inni przej\u0119li za nas odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107 za dokonywanie \u017cyciowych wybor\u00f3w<\/span>
\n– mamy natur\u0119 ugodow\u0105 i rzadko staramy si\u0119 kogo\u015b zdominowa\u0107 (to kwestia osobowo\u015bci ale i relacji z dana osob\u0105)<\/span>
\n– nie mamy wiedzy na temat istoty tematu, w kt\u00f3rym kto\u015b nami manipuluje<\/span>
\n– ju\u017c wcze\u015bniej ulegli\u015bmy manipulacji w tym samym temacie (trudno\u015b\u0107 w przyznaniu si\u0119 przed sob\u0105, \u017ce kto\u015b nas zmanipulowa\u0142)<\/span>
\n– nie \u0142\u0105czymy fakt\u00f3w, nie widzimy ci\u0105g\u00f3w przyczynowo-skutkowych i nie przetwarzamy danych w spos\u00f3b aktywny i krytyczny<\/span>
\n– nied\u0142ugo wcze\u015bniej komu\u015b odm\u00f3wili\u015bmy (np. gdy odmawiasz wy\u015bwiadczenia drobnej przys\u0142ugi, b\u0119dziesz mia\u0142 skrupu\u0142y, by odm\u00f3wi\u0107 wy\u015bwiadczenia wi\u0119kszej chwil\u0119 p\u00f3\u017aniej)<\/span>
\n– bagatelizujemy lub nie wnikamy w to, \u017ce nadawca komunikatu mo\u017ce by\u0107 obarczony konfliktem interes\u00f3w<\/span><\/p>\n

We are less susceptible to manipulation when:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

– mimo szacunku do autorytet\u00f3w, mamy do nich ograniczone zaufanie<\/strong><\/span>
\n– nie przeceniamy roli zewn\u0119trznej kontroli i stawiamy raczej na odpowiedzialno\u015b\u0107<\/strong> ni\u017c nakazy i zakazy<\/span>
\n– realistycznie<\/strong> postrzegamy w\u0142asn\u0105 grup\u0119 i nie idealizujemy<\/strong> jej wobec innych grup<\/span>
\n– unikamy pos\u0142ugiwania si\u0119 stereotypami wobec os\u00f3b o odmiennych pogl\u0105dach<\/span>
\n– wykazujemy si\u0119 dociekliwo\u015bci\u0105<\/strong><\/span>
\n– poczucie w\u0142asnej warto\u015bci i to\u017csamo\u015bci kszta\u0142tujemy we wzgl\u0119dnej niezale\u017cno\u015bci<\/strong> od naszej grupy odniesienia<\/span>
\n– staramy si\u0119 my\u015ble\u0107 samodzielnie<\/strong> i niezale\u017cnie analizowa\u0107 dane z r\u00f3\u017cnych \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142<\/strong>, tak\u017ce tych ma\u0142o nag\u0142a\u015bnianych, spoza g\u0142\u00f3wnego nurtu<\/span>
\n– maj\u0105c ugodow\u0105 natur\u0119 jeste\u015bmy jej \u015bwiadomi<\/strong> i dajemy sobie czas na spokojne podj\u0119cie decyzji<\/strong><\/span>
\n– mamy wiedz\u0119<\/strong> na temat istoty tematu, w kt\u00f3rym kto\u015b nami manipuluje<\/span>
\n– mamy otwarty<\/strong> stosunek do w\u0142asnych b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w<\/strong>, dajemy sobie na nie przyzwolenie i jeste\u015bmy gotowi elastycznie kszta\u0142towa\u0107 swoje pogl\u0105dy i zachowanie<\/span>
\n– potrafimy wykracza\u0107 poza dostarczone <\/strong>nam informacje<\/strong><\/span>
\n– \u0142\u0105czymy fakty<\/strong>, potrafimy wy\u0142owi\u0107 ci\u0105gi przyczynowo-skutkowe i przetwarzamy dane w spos\u00f3b aktywny i krytyczny<\/span><\/p>\n

Unfortunately, I don't think many of us had a chance to learn this in school. Some learned these skills at home, while others develop them in adulthood, consciously shaping their perception of the world. With such a kit, we can set off on another day of life in the information jungle. Health Measure wishes you good luck and strong immunity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cited literature:<\/span><\/p>\n

Witkowski, T. (2000). Psychomanipulacje. Biblioteka Moderatora. Tasz\u00f3w.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wprawdzie ostatni artyku\u0142 naukowy napisa\u0142am ju\u017c dawno temu, ale perspektyw\u0119 psychologa naukowca w patrzeniu na \u015bwiat nadal praktykuj\u0119. Ostatnio nabra\u0142am ch\u0119ci podzielenia si\u0119 wiedz\u0105 \u015bci\u015ble psychologiczn\u0105. Wr\u00f3ci\u0142am do ksi\u0105\u017cki Tomasza Witkowskiego ?Psychomanipulacje?. To pozycja dla ka\u017cdego, kto chce nauczy\u0107 si\u0119 rozpoznawa\u0107 techniki wywierania nacisku i by\u0107 na nie odpornym. B\u0119dzie tu wi\u0119c o manipulacji i […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":991,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[12,136,14,162,10,254],"class_list":["post-990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-kategorii","tag-detoksykacja","tag-emocje","tag-miarka-zdrowia","tag-odpornosc","tag-stres","tag-test-toksycznych-obciazen"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=990"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/990\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/miarkazdrowia.pl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}